All of those philosophes and writings about the purpose of government and how society should function did not happen in a vacuum. Around the world, people started to put the Philosophe’s arguments into play. Starting in America, revolutions swept the colonies as former mercantile dependents severed the bonds that tied them to the mother country. But, this was not all about revolution. A new idea took root on the heels of the American and French Revolution. People of the same culture, language, history, laws, etc. began to push to have their own nations. These nationalist ideas took hold from the Philippines to the Ottoman Empire to Germany & Italy, and even New Zealand and Puerto Rico.

1. TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION
2. BOURGEOISIE
3. GUILLOTINE
4. MAROONS
5. GRITO DE DOLORES

1. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (1776), Thomas Jefferson
2. DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN & THE CITIZEN (1789), Jefferson & LaFayette
3. JAMAICA LETTER (1815), Simon Bolivar
4. IRON & BLOOD (1862), Otto von Bismarck
5. NOLI ME TANGERE (1887), Jose Rizal

1. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE (1819), John Trumbull

2. The Bastille Prison (1789), Jean-Pierre Houel

3. Liberty Leading the People (1830), Eugene Delacroix

4. Battle of Vertieres (1803) Auguste Raffet

5. Jose Rizal Execution Site Memorial (1913)

1. All that Enlightenment stuff from 5.1 has consequences.
2. All that “All men are born and remain free” stuff led people to challenge their governments.
3. USA was 1st (of course), then France, Haiti, Latin America. Know the leaders they are important (US=Washington/Jefferson, France=Robespierre, Haiti=Toussaint, Latin America=Bolivar)
4. Empires are starting to crumble. Spain and Portugal will fade from importance quickly. Britain and France will have larger empires later on (1750-1900).
5. Nationalism also led to people starting (or trying to start) new Nations where people had shared ideas, religions, beliefs, histories, cultures, etc. Most notable=Germany.